Biological age
An estimate of organism or tissue state relative to typical aging patterns, usually inferred from biomarkers rather than birthdays.
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Emerging evidenceCellular Reprogramming
Partial reprogramming aims to restore youthful cell function without erasing identity or triggering uncontrolled growth.
Emerging evidenceSenolytics and SenomorphicsDrugs that remove or quiet senescent cells could reduce inflammatory aging signals, but benefits depend heavily on context.
ReviewedEpigenetic ClocksDNA methylation clocks estimate biological age and may become trial tools, but they are not a substitute for health outcomes.
ClinicalGene Editing PlatformsCRISPR, base editing, prime editing, and epigenetic editing expand what medicine can rewrite, regulate, or silence.
Emerging evidenceRegenerative Organ PlatformsOrganoids, bioprinting, xenotransplantation, and perfusion systems are converging on the bottleneck of organ replacement.
Emerging evidenceSynthetic BiologyEngineered cells and biological circuits could sense disease, manufacture therapies, and adapt inside the body.
ClinicalPersonalized RNA MedicineProgrammable RNA platforms can compress the path from molecular insight to tailored therapy, especially for rare or rapidly changing targets.
Emerging evidenceBrain-Computer InterfacesBCIs connect neural activity to computers, prosthetics, and communication systems, with medical restoration leading enhancement.
Terms
B
C
Cellular senescence
A stress response in which cells stop dividing and can secrete inflammatory signals that shape tissue aging, cancer suppression, and repair.
E
Epigenetic editing
Targeted regulation of gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence.
G
Geroscience
The field studying how aging mechanisms drive multiple chronic diseases and how targeting them might extend healthspan.
H
Healthspan
The period of life spent with preserved function, resilience, and low disease burden.
N
Neural decoder
Software that translates neural or nerve signals into commands for communication, movement, or device control.
P
Programmable medicine
Therapies designed from modular instructions, such as RNA sequences, engineered cells, or gene editors.
S
Senolytic
An intervention intended to selectively remove senescent cells.
Synthetic circuit
An engineered biological control system that senses inputs and produces designed outputs inside cells or organisms.
T
Transhumanism
A philosophical and technical movement focused on using science and engineering to expand human capacities and resilience.