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categories: ["people", "longevity", "cybernetics"]categories: ["people", "longevity", "cybernetics"]tags: ["biohacking", "self-experimentation", "life extension", "biomarkers", "neurotechnology", "aging"]tags: ["biohacking", "self-experimentation", "life extension", "biomarkers", "neurotechnology", "aging"]summary: "American entrepreneur who founded Braintree and the neurotechnology firm Kernel, then made his own body the subject of Blueprint, a heavily measured and disputed anti-aging regimen."summary: "American entrepreneur who founded Braintree and the neurotechnology firm Kernel, then made his own body the subject of Blueprint, a heavily measured and disputed anti-aging regimen."updated: "2026-10-28"updated: "2026-10-29"------ ```infobox```infoboxlines 36–44 → 36–4422 unchanged lines not shown
## Overview## Overview Johnson matters to this field less as a scientist than as a demonstration. Trained in businessJohnson matters to this field as a public example rather than as a scientist. Trained in businessrather than biology, he publishes results as posts and videos, not papers. His project fuses threerather than biology, he publishes results as posts and videos, not papers. His project combinesthings normally kept apart: a single-subject experiment, a media persona with millions ofthree things normally kept apart: a single-subject experiment, a media persona with millions offollowers, and a company selling products derived from the experiment. Critics argue that thefollowers, and a company selling products derived from the experiment. Critics argue that thethird compromises the first; Johnson says he shares, and sells, his protocol so that others canthird compromises the first; Johnson says he shares, and sells, his protocol so that others canlearn from it and try parts if they choose.[^mosbergen2026]learn from it and try parts if they choose.[^mosbergen2026]lines 73–80 → 73–8028 unchanged lines not shown
Kernel had built two helmets that read the brain from outside the skull: Flow, which infers bloodKernel had built two helmets that read the brain from outside the skull: Flow, which infers bloodoxygenation changes by timing reflected laser pulses, and Flux, which uses small magnetometers tooxygenation changes by timing reflected laser pulses, and Flux, which uses small magnetometers topick up the brain's magnetic fields. Each cost $50,000. The company had by then raised about $110pick up the brain's magnetic fields. Each cost $50,000. The company had by then raised about $110million, roughly half of it Johnson's.[^bbg2021] The helmets record brain activity for research; they are not amillion, roughly half of it Johnson's.[^bbg2021] The helmets record brain activity for research;[[brain-computer-interface]] for controlling a device. Johnson stepped down from Kernel in 2023 andthey are not a [[brain-computer-interface]] for controlling a device. Johnson stepped down from Kernel in 2023 andremains on its board.[^grind2025]remains on its board.[^grind2025] ## Blueprint## Blueprintlines 108–120 → 108–12127 unchanged lines not shown
### Young plasma### Young plasma Johnson underwent six monthly one-litre "young plasma exchanges" that ended in mid-2023. In one,Johnson underwent six monthly one-litre "young plasma exchanges" that ended in mid-2023. In one,plasma from his then-17-year-old son, Talmage,[^alter2023] was infused into Johnson, and Johnson's own plasmaplasma from his then-17-year-old son, Talmage,[^alter2023] was infused into Johnson, and Johnson'swent to his 70-year-old father. In July 2023 he wrote that he had evaluated biomarkers fromown plasma went to his 70-year-old father. In July 2023 he wrote that he had evaluated biomarkers frombiofluids, devices and imaging with "no benefits detected", and stopped. The US Food and Drugbiofluids, devices and imaging with "no benefits detected", and stopped. The US Food and DrugAdministration had warned in 2019 that infusing plasma from young donors has no proven clinicalAdministration had warned in 2019 that infusing plasma from young donors has no proven clinicalbenefit, and the biochemist Charles Brenner called the practice "gross, evidence-free, andbenefit, and the biochemist Charles Brenner called the practice "gross, evidence-free, andrelatively dangerous".[^mikhail2023] The idea draws on [[parabiosis-and-young-blood|parabiosis]] experiments in mice,relatively dangerous".[^mikhail2023] The idea draws onwhich have not translated into a demonstrated human benefit.[[parabiosis-and-young-blood|parabiosis]] experiments in mice, which have not translated into ademonstrated human benefit. ### Follistatin gene therapy### Follistatin gene therapy lines 140–151 → 141–15219 unchanged lines not shown
### Pace-of-aging claims### Pace-of-aging claims Johnson's headline measures of success are [[epigenetic-clock|DNA-methylation clocks]], above allJohnson's headline measures of success are [[epigenetic-clock|DNA-methylation clocks]], above allDunedinPACE, which estimates years of biological aging per calendar year. He co-created the RejuvenationDunedinPACE, which estimates years of biological aging per calendar year. He co-created theOlympics, a public leaderboard ranking entrants by a pace-of-aging blood test, and has been rankedRejuvenation Olympics, a public leaderboard ranking entrants by a pace-of-aging blood test, and hasfirst on it;[^mosbergen2026] as of October 2026 thebeen ranked first on it;[^mosbergen2026] as of October 2026 the[leaderboard](https://www.rejuvenationolympics.com/) listed him first with a DunedinPACE of 0.50. Entry requires a paid[leaderboard](https://www.rejuvenationolympics.com/) listed him first with a DunedinPACE of 0.50.[[consumer-blood-testing|direct-to-consumer]] test. In the 2025 Netflix documentary about him he said his regimen had "reversed myEntry requires a paid [[consumer-blood-testing|direct-to-consumer]] test. In the 2025 Netflixbiological age 5.1 years". *The New York Times* reported that internal tests between January 2022documentary about him he said his regimen had "reversed my biological age 5.1 years". *The New York Times* reported that internal tests between January 2022and February 2024 showed his biological age by some measures rising by as much as 10 years; Johnsonand February 2024 showed his biological age by some measures rising by as much as 10 years; Johnsonreplied that the producers chose the 5.1-year figure and that "biological age measurementsreplied that the producers chose the 5.1-year figure and that "biological age measurementsfluctuate".[^grind2025]fluctuate".[^grind2025]lines 168–182 → 169–18416 unchanged lines not shown
living forever, and from [[mind-uploading]] and [[transhumanism]]: "I don't talk aboutliving forever, and from [[mind-uploading]] and [[transhumanism]]: "I don't talk aboutmind-uploading. I don't talk about living in the cloud. I don't talk aboutmind-uploading. I don't talk about living in the cloud. I don't talk abouttranshumanism."[^mosbergen2026] The Netflix documentary *Don't Die: The Man Who Wants to Livetranshumanism."[^mosbergen2026] The Netflix documentary *Don't Die: The Man Who Wants to LiveForever*, directed by Chris Smith, was [released on 1 January 2025](https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/dont-die-man-who-wants-to-live-forever).Forever*, directed by Chris Smith, was[released on 1 January 2025](https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/dont-die-man-who-wants-to-live-forever). ## Reception## Reception Many aging researchers have been openly critical. Speaking to *Time* in 2023, the USCMany aging researchers have been openly critical. Speaking to *Time* in 2023, the USCgerontologist Pinchas Cohen said "Death is not optional; it's written into our genes"; Eric Verdin,gerontologist Pinchas Cohen said "Death is not optional; it's written into our genes"; Ericchief executive of the [[buck-institute]], called immortality "a pipe dream"; and [[nir-barzilai]] said "What he's doingVerdin, chief executive of the [[buck-institute]], called immortality "a pipe dream"; andhasn't proven to be safe" and that Blueprint is "not an experiment that we accept as scientists or[[nir-barzilai]] said "What he's doing hasn't proven to be safe" and that Blueprint is "not andoctors".[^alter2023] By 2026 *Time* summarised the view of many longevity scientists as thatexperiment that we accept as scientists or doctors".[^alter2023] By 2026 *Time* summarised the view of many longevity scientists as thatJohnson peddles hype and unscientific advice and gives aging research a bad name.[^mosbergen2026]Johnson peddles hype and unscientific advice and gives aging research a bad name.[^mosbergen2026]Sympathetic figures in the longevity business credit him as a popularizer: PeterSympathetic figures in the longevity business credit him as a popularizer: PeterDiamandis told [*The New Yorker*](https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2025/08/11/how-to-live-forever-and-get-rich-doing-it)Diamandis told [*The New Yorker*](https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2025/08/11/how-to-live-forever-and-get-rich-doing-it)lines 188–195 → 190–1975 unchanged lines not shown
Relations Board calling the terms overbroad. It also reported that in a paid customer study ofRelations Board calling the terms overbroad. It also reported that in a paid customer study ofBlueprint's supplements and meals, with roughly 1,700 participants, internal documents recorded atBlueprint's supplements and meals, with roughly 1,700 participants, internal documents recorded atleast one side effect in about 60 percent; Johnson said these were "common side effects with anyleast one side effect in about 60 percent; Johnson said these were "common side effects with anyfood, beverage or supplement". Zolman left Blueprint in 2024, reportedly after having concerns about somefood, beverage or supplement". Zolman left Blueprint in 2024, reportedly after developing concernsof its supplements. One of the NLRB complainants, his former fiancée and Kernel employee Tarynabout some of its supplements. One of the NLRB complainants, his former fiancée and Kernel employee TarynSouthern, had sued him in 2021 over her firing; Johnson moved the case to arbitration, and in 2023Southern, had sued him in 2021 over her firing; Johnson moved the case to arbitration, and in 2023an arbitrator ruled that she must adhere to her employment separation agreement. Johnson disputesan arbitrator ruled that she must adhere to her employment separation agreement. Johnson disputesher account and has defended the agreements as setting clear boundaries.[^grind2025]her account and has defended the agreements as setting clear boundaries.[^grind2025]lines 200–206 → 202–2084 unchanged lines not shown
he had autoimmune gastritis, a condition in which the immune system attacks acid-producing cells ofhe had autoimmune gastritis, a condition in which the immune system attacks acid-producing cells ofthe stomach. He rejected the idea that his regimen caused it, linking it instead to a thyroidthe stomach. He rejected the idea that his regimen caused it, linking it instead to a thyroiddiagnosis at 21; a gastroenterologist told *The New York Times* that the disease has no knowndiagnosis at 21; a gastroenterologist told *The New York Times* that the disease has no knowncause.[^hartocollis2026] The diagnosis neither validates nor refutes Blueprint; acause.[^hartocollis2026] The diagnosis neither validates nor refutes Blueprint, since asingle-subject regimen cannot answer that question in either direction.single-subject regimen cannot answer that question in either direction. Johnson is among the most prominent promoters of consumer [[biological-age]] testing, publishedJohnson is among the most prominent promoters of consumer [[biological-age]] testing, publishedremoved, struck through added, underlinedLine numbers count the serialised markdown of each revision, frontmatter included.
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